The United Nations Security Council is set to hold a special meeting this November regarding the situation in Somalia. The discussions will focus on the future of the African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM), sanctions against Al-Shabab, and the financial challenges affecting the mission.
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A report released on November 2 by the organization *Security Council Report* indicates that officials from the United Nations and the African Union will deliver briefings during the closed-door session.
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Among those expected to speak at the meeting are Martin Kimani, the UN Assistant Secretary-General for Africa, and El Hadji Ibrahima Diene, the Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission for Somalia and head of the AUSSOM mission.
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The Security Council will also deliberate on the work of the sanctions committee concerning Al-Shabab. It is expected to vote on extending the sanctions regime against the group—which includes provisions for the interception and inspection of maritime vessels. The current sanctions regime is set to expire on November 30, while the mandate for the supporting Panel of Experts concludes on December 31. Regarding the political landscape, the report expresses concern over the ongoing conflict in the country, with regional and international organizations—including IGAD, the African Union, the United Nations, and the European Union—calling for the resolution of disputes through dialogue.
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The Federal Government and the opposition coalition, the Somali Future Council, have held several rounds of talks; however, these efforts have yet to yield an agreement. Disagreements persist concerning constitutional amendments, the presidential term limit, and the electoral process for the regional states.
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The report further notes that tensions between the Federal Government and the regional states are further complicating the political situation in Somalia.
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One of the primary issues before the Security Council concerns the future of the AUSSOM mission and the United Nations Support Office in Somalia (UNSOS)—specifically, how to secure sufficient funding to ensure an orderly conclusion to both operations, while preventing a security vacuum in the country. The report suggests that the Security Council could consider ways to secure additional financial support for AUSSOM—including the possibility of convening a donor conference—and engage in discussions with the African Union, the Federal Government of Somalia, and the troop-contributing countries.
While most Security Council members support finding a solution to AUSSOM’s funding shortfall, the United States remains firmly opposed to utilizing the financing mechanism established under Resolution 2719.
That resolution outlines a framework that allows for certain African Union-led peace support operations to be funded through assessed contributions from UN member states.
The report also notes that Somalia—currently a member of both the UN Security Council and the African Union Peace and Security Council—appears reluctant to have its internal situation openly discussed during meetings held in New York and Addis Ababa.
Overall, the report indicates that Somalia faces a convergence of political, security, and economic challenges, at a time when questions persist regarding the future of international support and the capacity of Somali forces to assume full responsibility for the country’s security.